Special Session 58: New developments in celestial mechanics and related topics

The 2-homogeneous 2-centre problem: symbolic dynamics and scattering

Gian Marco Canneori
University of Turin
Italy
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
In this talk we consider two attraction centres $c_1, c_2\in\mathbb{R}^2$ and study the dynamics of a particle $q\in\mathbb{R}^2\setminus\{c_1,c_2\}$ under the action of a singular potential function $U$ which has the following prescribed behaviour close to each centre $$ U(q)\sim \frac{m_j}{|q-c_j|^2},\qquad m_j>0,\ q\in\mathcal{U}(c_j). $$ We fix a positive value of the mechanical energy and we construct infinitely many periodic solutions in distinct homotopy classes, all avoiding collisions with the centres. We then investigate the existence of invariant sets that are topologically conjugate with the Bernoulli shift. Finally, we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of unbounded trajectories and discuss the existence of scattering solutions with prescribed topological behaviour with respect to the centres. This is a joint work with Stefano Baranzini and Alberto Boscaggin.

Periodic dynamics in the perturbed relativistic Kepler problem

Guglielmo Feltrin
University of Udine
Italy
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
The motion of a relativistic particle in a Kepler potential can be described by the equation \begin{equation*} \dfrac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\left(\dfrac{m\dot{x}}{\sqrt{1-|\dot{x}|^2/c^2}}\right)=-\alpha\, \dfrac{x}{|x|^3}, \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{3} \setminus \{0\}, \end{equation*} where $m>0$ represents the mass of the particle, $c$ is the speed of light, and $\alpha > 0$ is a constant. Firstly, we illustrate the Hamiltonian formulation of the problem and we focus our attention on the description of the periodic and quasi-periodic solutions. Secondly, we deal with the perturbed equation \begin{equation*} \dfrac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\left(\dfrac{m\dot{x}}{\sqrt{1-|\dot{x}|^2/c^2}}\right)=-\alpha\, \dfrac{x}{|x|^3} + \varepsilon \, \nabla_x U(t,x), \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{3} \setminus \{0\}, \end{equation*} where $U(t,x)$ is $T$-periodic in the first variable and $\varepsilon \in\mathbb{R}$. We present some results concerning the existence of periodic orbits obtained in collaboration with Alberto Boscaggin (University of Torino), Walter Dambrosio (University of Torino), and Duccio Papini (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia).

On the Arnold diffusion mechanism in Medium Earth Orbit

Mar Giralt
Observatoire de Paris - Universite PSL
France
Co-Author(s):    E.M Alessi, I. Baldoma and M. Guardia
Abstract:
Motivated by the need of preserving the operational orbital regions around the Earth, natural perturbations can be exploited to lead satellites towards atmospheric reentry at the end of life. In the case of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) region the main driver is the third-body perturbation. In this work, we show how an Arnold diffusion mechanism can trigger the eccentricity growth in MEO, so that the pericenter altitude drops into the atmospheric drag domain. Focusing on the case of Galileo, we consider a hierarchy of Hamiltonian models, assuming that the main perturbations are the oblateness of the Earth and the gravitational attraction of the Moon. First, the Moon is assumed to lay on the ecliptic plane and periodic orbits and associated stable and unstable invariant manifolds are computed for various energy levels, in the neighborhood of a given resonance. Along each invariant manifold, the eccentricity increases naturally, achieving its maximum at the first intersection between them. This growth is, however, not sufficient to achieve reentry. By moving to a more realistic model, where the inclination of the Moon is taken into account, the problem becomes non-autonomous and the satellite is able to move along different energy levels.

On the Sundman-Sperling estimates for the restricted one-center-two-body problem

Ku-Jung Hsu
School of Mathematical Sciences Huaqiao University
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    Lei Liu
Abstract:
In the past two decades, since the discovery of the figure-8 orbit by Chenciner and Montgomery, the variational method has become one of the most popular tools for constructing new solutions of the $N$-body problem and its extended problems. However, finding solutions to the restricted three-body problem, in particular, the two primaries form a collision Kepler system, remains a great difficulty. One of the major reasons is the essential differences between two-body collisions and three-body collisions. In this paper, we consider a similar three-body system with less difficulty, i.e. the restricted one-center- two-body system, that is involving a massless particle and a collision Kepler system with one body fixed. It is an intermediate system between the restricted three-body problem and the two-center problem. By an in-depth analysis to the asymptotic behavior of the minimizer, and an argument concerning critical and inflection points, we prove the Sundman-Sperling estimates near the three-body collision for the minimizers.With these estimates, we provide a class of collision-free solutions with prescribed boundary angles. Finally, under the extended collision Kepler system from Gordon, we construct a family of periodic and quasi-periodic solutions.

Bifurcations of highly inclined near halo orbits using Moser regularization

Chankyu Joung
Seoul National University
Korea
Co-Author(s):    Dayung Koh, Otto van Koert
Abstract:
We study the bifurcation structure of highly inclined near halo orbits with close approaches to the light primary, in the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). Using a Hamiltonian formulation together with Moser regularization, we develop a numerical framework for the continuation of periodic orbits and the computation of their Floquet multipliers which remains effective near collision. We describe vertical collision orbits and families emerging from its pitchfork, period-doubling, and period-tripling bifurcations in the limiting Hill`s problem, including the halo and butterfly families. We continue these into the CR3BP using a perturbative framework via a symplectic scaling, and construct bifurcation graphs for representative systems (Saturn--Enceladus, Earth--Moon, Copenhagen) to identify common dynamical features. Conley--Zehnder indices are computed to classify the resulting families. Together, these results provide a coherent global picture of polar orbit architecture near the light primary, offering groundwork for future mission design, such as Enceladus plume sampling missions. This is joint work with Dayung Koh and Otto van Koert.

Hamiltonian systems and monotone twist mappings for braids

Yuika Kajihara
Kyoto University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Mitsuru Shibayama
Abstract:
One of the open problems in the N-body problem is the following: for any given pure braid, does there exist a periodic solution that realizes it? As a more fundamental question, one may ask whether, for any given braid, there exists a Hamiltonian system that realizes it in the first place. In 1986, Moser showed that for a given area-preserving map, there exists a Hamiltonian system that realizes it as a Poincar\`{e} map. Using his technique, we prove that for any braid, there exists a Hamiltonian system whose orbits realize the given braid. In particular, when the braid is pseudo-Anosov, the corresponding Poincar\`{e} map is also pseudo-Anosov.

A study of braids arising from simple choreographies of the planar Newtonian N-body problem

Eiko Kin
The University of Osaka
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Yuika Kajihara and Mitsuru Shibayama
Abstract:
We study periodic solutions of the planar Newtonian N-body problem with equal masses.Each periodic solution traces out a braid with N strands in 3-dimensional space. According to the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface automorphisms, braids can be classified into three types: periodic, reducible, and pseudo-Anosov. When a braid is of pseudo-Anosov type, it has an associated stretch factor greater than 1, which reflects the complexity of the periodic solution. For each $N \ge 3$, Guowei Yu established the existence of a family of simple choreographies to the planar Newtonian N-body problem.We prove that braids arising from Yu`s periodic solutions are of pseudo-Anosov types, except in the special case where all particles move along a circle. We also identify the simple choreographies whose braid types have the largest and smallest stretch factors, respectively.

Birkhoff sections for integrable flows on 3-manifolds

Wentian Kuang
Great Bay University
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
Birkhoff sections (or global surfaces of section) are an important tool in the study of Hamiltonian systems. In this talk, we present a method for directly constructing Birkhoff sections for integrable flows on 3-manifolds. The construction can be applied to boundaries of toric domains and energy surfaces of separable Hamiltonian systems, providing criteria for the existence or non-existence of certain types of Birkhoff sections.

Existence of Really Perverse Central Configurations in the Spatial $N$-Body Problem

Mitsuru Shibayama
Kyoto University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We construct explicit examples of really perverse central configurations in the spatial Newtonian $N$-body problem. A central configuration is called really perverse if it satisfies the central configuration equations for two distinct mass distributions having the same total mass. While such configurations were previously known only in the planar case for large $N$, we prove the existence of spatial really perverse central configurations for $N=27,\dots,55$.

Floer homology and the restricted three body problem

Otto van Koert
Seoul National University
Korea
Co-Author(s):    Chankyu Joung, Dayung Koh
Abstract:
We discussed several versions of Floer homology, including local Floer homology and symplectic homology, which we apply to study periodic orbits in the restricted three-body problem. We discussed bifurcations Some theoretical results and some numerical results, obtained jointly with Chankyu Joung and Dayung Koh.

On the vanishing viscosity limit of Hamilton-Jacobi equations.

Jianlu ZHANG
Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
In this talk we present a convergence of solutions for the vanishing viscosity process of Hamilton-Jacobi equations with nearly optimal discounted rate. Such a result partially answered the problem proposed by Evans in 2003 AIM workshop.

A KAM Theorem for the Anisotropic Heisenberg Chain with Quasi-Periodic Coupling

Lei Zhang
Dalian University of Technology
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    Xifeng Su
Abstract:
We establish a KAM theorem for constructing analytic quasi-periodic equilibrium configurations in the classical anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ spin chain with quasi-periodic coupling and a small external magnetic field. The equilibrium equations reduce to a second-order nonlinear matrix difference equation with quasi-periodic coefficients. By introducing auxiliary parameters and employing a factorization method, we reformulate the problem into two first-order equations. Under Diophantine conditions on the frequency and appropriate non-degeneracy assumptions, we prove the existence of analytic quasi-periodic solutions via a Nash-Moser iteration scheme. The proof relies on solving twisted cohomology equations and a reducibility lemma. As an application, we obtain the existence of quasi-periodic spin patterns for the Heisenberg XYZ model with small quasi-periodic perturbations.