Special Session 175: Modern Trends in Partial Differential Equations and General Relativity

Competing time-dependent dissipation mechanisms in wave models: friction vs. viscoelastic damping

Halit Sevki Aslan
University of Sao Paulo
Brazil
Co-Author(s):    Michael Reissig
Abstract:
We study the following Cauchy problem for the linear wave equation with both time-dependent frictional and viscoelastic damping terms: \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} u_{tt}- \Delta u + b(t)u_t - g(t)\Delta u_t=0, &(t,x) \in [0,\infty) \times \mathbb{R}^n, \ u(0,x)= u_0(x),\quad u_t(0,x)= u_1(x), &x \in \mathbb{R}^n. \end{cases} \end{equation*} Our goal is to derive decay estimates for higher-order energy norms of solutions to this problem. We focus on the interplay between the time-dependent coefficients in the frictional damping $b(t)u_t$ and viscoelastic damping $-g(t)\Delta u_t$, and their influence on the qualitative behavior of solutions. The analysis is based on the classification of the damping mechanisms and employs the WKB method in the extended phase space.

Propagators for the Klein--Gordon equation on asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes

Dean Baskin
Texas A&M University
USA
Co-Author(s):    Moritz Doll, Jesse Gell-Redman
Abstract:
I will describe a way of constructing the causal and Feynman propagators on asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes for the Klein--Gordon equation with potentials that decay in space but not necessarily in time. In particular, this includes the possibility of the presence of bound states of the limiting spatial Hamiltonians. The proof rests on propagation of singularities estimates in all regions of infinity that are proved in the framework of Vasy`s many-body work. This is joint work with Moritz Doll (Macquarie) and Jesse Gell-Redman (Melbourne).

Magnetic Uniform Resolvent Estimates

Piero D`Ancona
Sapienza University, Rome
Italy
Co-Author(s):    Zhiqing Yin
Abstract:
A classical result due to Kenig, Ruiz and Sogge, states that the resolvent operator for the Euclidean Laplacian (-Delta-z)^(-1) is bounded from Lp to Lq for a certain range of indices p,q. The operator norm depends on the frequency z, as dictated by scaling, and it is actually independent of z for suitable values of p and q, hence the `uniform` tag. In view of their applications to Spectral Theory, Harmonic Analysis and Nonlinear PDEs, it is interesting to extend these estimates to more general operators beyond the Laplacian. In this joint work with Zhiqing Yin we consider a general electromagnetic Laplacian and, under suitable decay assumptions on the potentials, we recover the same range of indices as in the free case. As an application, we deduce a `magnetic` restriction estimate of Tomas-Stein type.

Dispersive estimates for wave type equations with time-dependent damping

Marcelo Ebert
University of Sao Paulo
Brazil
Co-Author(s):    Halit Sevki Aslan
Abstract:
In this talk we discuss the Cauchy problem for a class of semilinear evolution equations with scale-invariant time-dependent dissipation \begin{equation} \label{Eq:Abstract} \begin{cases} u_{tt} + L_{w^2}u + \dfrac{\mu}{1+t}u_t = f(u), & t>0,\ x\in\mathbb{R}^n,\ u(0,x) = 0, \,\,\,\, u_t(0,x) = u_1(x), & x\in\mathbb{R}^n, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $L_{w^2}$ is a Fourier multiplier operator defined by $L_{w^2}u = \mathcal{F}^{-1}(w(\xi)^2\hat{u})$, $f(u)=|u|^\alpha$ or $f(u)=\Delta|u|^\alpha$, and $\mu>0$, $\alpha>1$ are constants. We prove global (in time) existence of small data solutions for $\alpha>\alpha_{\mathrm{crit}}$, where the critical exponent $\alpha_{\mathrm{crit}}$ depends on the choice of the operator $L_{w^2}$. More precisely, it corresponds to a Strauss-type exponent in the case of Boussinesq-type operators $w(\xi)=\sqrt{|\xi|^2+ |\xi|^4}$, while it becomes a Fujita-type exponent for plate-type operators $w(\xi)=|\xi|^\sigma$, $\sigma\geq 2$. The main tools to prove this result are Duhamel`s principle, dispersive estimates of solutions of a family of parameter-dependent linear Cauchy problems with vanishing right-hand side and Banach`s fixed point theorem.

Waves in the Reissner-Nordstrom space-time

Anahit Galstyan
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
USA
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We consider the propagation of waves in the Reissner-Nordstrom space-time, which is gaining mass and charge in the universe with accelerating expansion, namely, the solutions of the linear and semilinear Klein-Gordon equations. We have been able to prove the existence of global in-time small data solutions of semilinear Klein-Gordon equations in this spacetime.

Asymptotic stability of parallel flow of compressible viscoelastic system under local perturbation

Yusuke Ishigaki
Kwansei Gakuin University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
In this talk, we deal with compressible viscoelastic system in an infinite layer. We discuss stability of parallel flow occurring by given external force. It is shown that the asymptotic stability of parallel flow holds under small local perturbation, provided that viscous coefficients are large and propagation speeds of sound and elastic waves are fast.

On the stability of Euler--Norstrom System

Lavi Karp
Braude College of Engineering
Israel
Co-Author(s):    U. Brauer
Abstract:
We study the global existence of classical solutions to the Euler--Nordstrom system, which incorporates a linear equation of state and a positive cosmological constant. The system can be written as a coupled system of wave equations: a semilinear wave equation for the Nordstrom gravitational field, whose source contains a fractional-power nonlinearity; and an acoustical equation, which is a quasilinear wave equation with nonlinearities involving first-order derivatives. We restrict attention to spatially periodic perturbations of the background metric and formulate the problem on the three-dimensional torus, working within the corresponding Sobolev spaces. The emphasis is on the scalar gravitational field equation. We also discuss related questions for the Euler--Poisson and Euler--Einstein systems. This is joint work with U. Brauer (Universidad Complutense Madrid).

Stability of $t$-periodic solutions to the optical fiber model describing EDFA effect

Naoyasu Kita
Kumamoto University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We consider the initial value problem to a nonlinear Schr\{o}dinger equation containing both linear amplification and cubic nonlinear dissipation. This model describes the evolution of pulses propagating through a special optical fiber providing the effect of erbium doped fiber amplifier (for short, EDFA). It is known that the nonlinear Schr\{o}dinger equation possesses a $t$-periodic uniform solution ($t$-PUS). In this talk, we discuss the stability of $t$-PUS under small perturbations in $H^1(\mathbb{T})$, where $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}/ 2 \pi \mathbb{Z}$. If time permits, the bifurcation of amplitude of the $t$-PUS will be discussed. By the bifurcation analysis, a $t$-periodic solution with curved amplitude is obtained, and it \r\nis possibly applied to the information transmission through an optical fiber

On the asymptotic behavior of the semilinear Schroedinger equation in the FLRW spacetime

Makoto Nakamura
The University of Osaka
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Makoto Nakamura, Eiichi Sugimoto
Abstract:
The Cauchy problem for the semilinear Schroedinger equation is considered in one spatial dimension in the FLRW spacetime. The asymptotic behavior is classified based on the power of the semilinear term. The effect of spatial expansion and contraction is shown.

Strong instability of standing waves for a system of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with quadratic interaction

Masahito Ohta
Tokyo University of Science
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We consider a system of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with quadratic interaction in two and three space dimensions. The strong instability of standing wave solutions is studied for the system without assuming the mass resonance condition.

The critical case for the EPDT equation

Alessandro Palmieri
University of Bari
Italy
Co-Author(s):    Ning-An Lai, Hiroyuki Takamura
Abstract:
In this talk, we investigate the blow-up of local solutions to the semilinear Euler-Poisson-Darboux-Tricomi equation with a critical exponent of Strauss-type. By using a Kato-type comparison lemma for ODE, the Radon transform and Yagdjian`s integral representation approach, we derive a blow-up result following the approach for the determination of the sharp upper bound estimates for the lifespan for the critical wave equation by Takamura-Wakasa [JDE, 2011].

Spatially weighted nonlinear wave equations in 1D and Li-Zhou theorem

Hiroyuki Takamura
Tohoku University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Ning-An Lai, Cui Ren, Takiko Sasaki
Abstract:
I will focus on one dimensional wave equations with spatially weighted nonlinear terms which include the equation arising from cosmology as a special case. The sharp lifespan estimates are given both from below and above, but it is remarkable that the proof of the blow-up part is closely related to Li-Zhou theorem on nonlinear classical damped wave equations in 1995.

Microlocal analysis of the non-relativistic limit of the Klein-Gordon equation

Andras Vasy
Stanford University
USA
Co-Author(s):    Andrew Hassell, Qiuye Jia, Ethan Sussman
Abstract:
The non-relativistic limit for a Klein-Gordon equation, with electric and magnetic potential terms on a Lorentzian manifold, corresponds to a family of Lorentzian metrics for which, with respect to an appropriate spacelike foliation of the manifold, the speed of light tends to infinity. Concretely, we consider decaying, both in spacetime and as $c\to+\infty$, perturbations of the Minkowski metric, $-c^2 dt^2+dx^2$, with spacetime decaying electric and magnetic potentials on $\mathbb{R}^{1,d}$; this is interesting already if the metric is just the $c$-dependent Minkowski metric. We give a complete and unified phase space analysis of the solution operators for the inhomogeneous wave equation as $c\to\infty$. In some regimes these tend to the Minkowski Klein-Gordon propagators, but in others (spatially low frequency) two copies of the Schr\{o}dinger propagator emerges, with electric and magnetic potentials, but on flat space, as expected from the standard physical treatment. Joint work with Andrew Hassell, Qiuye Jia and Ethan Sussman; the talk will emphasize the microlocal ingredients of the project, as in arXiv:2509.09518, see arXiv:2511.08724 for the applications.

On initial boundary value problems for the Maxwell-Schrodinger system

Takeshi Wada
Shimane University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
In this talk, we study the initial-boundary value problem for the Maxwell-Schr\odinger equations (MS) in a bounded or exterior domain $\Omega\subset\R^d$, $d=2,3$, with smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$. MS is a system of the Schrodinger equation with electro-magnetic potentials and the Maxwell equations written in terms of electro-magnetic potentials. Physically, this system describes the interaction between a charged nonrelativistic quantum mechanical particle and the (classical) electromagnetic field generated by the motion of the particle. We will discuss the well-posedness of this system.

Spherical waves in the expanding universe

Karen Yagdjian
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
USA
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We present the explicit formulas for the wave functions of the spherically symmetric fields emitted to the FLRW universe with the scale factor generated by the de Sitter universe. For the derivation of the formulas of the spherical waves, we use the integral transform, which is an analytical mechanism that generates a solution of the massive or massless scalar or spinorial fields in the curved spacetime from the massless scalar field in the Minkowski space. As an application of these explicitly written solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, we test the decay in time of the field generated by a pionic atom.

Blow-up phenomena and lifespan estimates for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in FLRW spacetimes

Takuma Yoshizumi
The University of Osaka
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Makoto Nakamura, Kimitoshi Tsutaya, Yuta Wakasugi
Abstract:
In this talk, we study the Cauchy problem for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with time dependent damping and mass. Power-type nonlinear terms including derivatives are considered, the equation involves time-dependent coefficients in the scale factor $a(t)$, damping term $b(t)$, and mass term $m(t)$. We establish the occurrence of finite-time blow-up for small initial data and derive upper bounds on the lifespan of blow-up solutions. As a concrete example, we focus on the equations in Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetimes, which describe the spatial expansion or contraction, and yield some important models of the universe. This talk is based on joint work with Makoto Nakamura, Kimitoshi Tsutaya, and Yuta Wakasugi.