Special Session 17: Analysis of chemotaxis models

Can Navier-Stokes fluid flows induce blow-up in the logarithmic Keller-Segel system?

Jaewook Ahn
Dongguk University
Korea
Co-Author(s):    Sukjung Hwang
Abstract:
This presentation investigates a two-dimensional Keller--Segel--Navier--Stokes system with a tensor-valued sensitivity $S(x,n,c)$. Under a signal-dependent power-decay condition $|S(x,n,c)|\le s_0(s_1+c)^{-\gamma}$, we establish the global boundedness of classical solutions for both fluid-coupled ($\gamma > 1/2$) and fluid-free ($\gamma > 0$) systems. In both cases, the result covers the logarithmic Keller-Segel system ($\gamma=1$). To overcome mathematical difficulties arising from signal production and fluid transport, our approach utilizes a sequence of localized energy estimates. Furthermore, under specific structural assumptions on the sensitivity tensor, we prove that solutions of the fluid-free system converge exponentially to the spatially homogeneous steady state.

On the blow-up profile and sharp threshold of Keller-Segel-Patlak system

Xueli Bai
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    Hai-Yang Jin, Jingyu Li, Maolin Zhou
Abstract:
In this talk, we consider the Keller-Segel-Patlak system in the whole space with dimensions $N\ge 3$. In the first part, we solves an open problem proposed by Souplet and Winkler in [CMP,2019]. To establish this result, we develop the zero number argument for nonlinear equations with unbounded coefficients and construct a family of auxiliary backward self-similar solutions through nontrivial ODE analysis. Examining the behavior of a parameter-dependent solution in the second part, we show the existence of a sharp threshold between extinction (i.e., convergence to 0) and blowup (i.e., convergence to \infty). This a joint work with Hai-Yang Jin, Jingyu Li and Maolin Zhou.

Threshold dynamics in the nonlinear stability exchange of constant steady states for Keller-Segel systems

Mengyao Ding
Harbin institute of Technology
Peoples Rep of China
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate constant steady states of the system \\\\begin{equation}\\\\tag{KS} \\\\begin{cases} \\\\begin{array}{llll} \\\\displaystyle u_t=\\\\Delta u-\\\\chi\\\\nabla\\\\cdot\\\\big(u\\\\nabla v\\\\big), &x\\\\in\\\\Omega,\\\\\\\\ \\\\displaystyle v_t=\\\\Delta v-a v+b u, &x\\\\in\\\\Omega \\\\end{array} \\\\end{cases} \\\\end{equation} subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where $\\\\Omega\\\\subset\\\\Bbb{R}^N$ is a bounded domain and $a,b,\\\\chi>0$. The main contribution is identifying a critical threshold for constant steady states that governs the exchange of stability, as reflected in the dynamics of the solutions. Due to the lack of quantitative information on the threshold in the existing theory, this work provides a universal constant $\\\\sigma_0>0$ with an explicit value to determine the stability behavior of solutions. Whenever $\\\\sigma\\\\sigma_0$, we show that $\\\\big(\\\\sigma,\\\\frac{b\\\\sigma}{a}\\\\big)$ is Lyapunov unstable. Previous results on Lyapunov instability were limited to the two- or three-dimensional torus. We overcome this limitation in our instability analysis by introducing a new method based on a special paring of different frequencies. We emphasize that this method can lead to an establishment of Lyapunov instability whenever the linearized operator associated with (KS) possesses a positive eigenvalue. Thus, it enables us to consider general domains in arbitrary dimensions $N\\\\ge 2,$ and is also adaptable to studying unstable behaviors for a wide class of related problems.

Behavior of Dirac Singularities in the Parabolic-Elliptic Keller-Segel System in Dimensions $n\\geq 3$

Gregor M Fluechter
Paderborn University
Germany
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We study radially symmetric solutions to the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system of the form \begin{align*} \left\lbrace \begin{array}{r@{}l@{\quad}l} &u_t=\Delta u-\nabla \cdot \big(u\nabla v\big),\ &0=\Delta v -\mu + u, \qquad \mu=\frac1{|\Omega|}\int_\Omega u_0,\ \end{array}\right.(\star) \end{align*} with $u_0 \in C^0(\overline\Omega)$, subjected to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and posed in the domain $\Omega=B_R(0)\subset \mathbb R^n$ for some $R>0$ and $n\geq 3$. In two dimensions, it is well-known that solutions blowing up in finite time converge to a Dirac profile in the vague topology. In dimensions greater or equal to three, there are cases in which Dirac singularities do form, although at least for radially decreasing initial data only some time after blow-up. Examining the system \begin{align*} \left\lbrace \begin{array}{r@{}l@{\quad}l} &w_t=n^2 s^{2-\frac2n} w_{ss} + n ww_s - \mu s w_s, \qquad& s\in(0,R^n),~t>0,\ &w(R^n,t)=\frac{\mu R^n}{n}, \qquad& t>0, \end{array}\right. \end{align*} emerging from a transformation of $(\star)$, specifically $w(s,t)=\int_0^{s^\frac1n} \rho^{n-1} u(\rho,t) d\rho$, we may trace the evolution of solutions further than the blow-up time of $(\star)$ and thus analyze the behavior of the Dirac singularity corresponding to $w(0,t)>0$. In particular, we shall focus on the monotonicity and long-term behavior of $t \mapsto w(0,t)$.

Absence of critical mass phenomena in one-dimensional critical quasilinear Keller-Segel systems

Mario Fuest
University of Kassel
Germany
Co-Author(s):    Xinru Cao
Abstract:
In the higher dimensional setting, critical mass phenomena are known to occur in the quasilinear Keller--Segel system for a variety of different diffusion rates $D(u)$ and taxis sensitivity functions $S(u)$ being critical in the sense that $\frac{S(u)}{D(u)} \sim u^{\frac{n}{2}}$ for large $u$, where $n$ denotes the space dimension. The most famous example is the two-dimensional minimal Keller--Segel system given by $D(u) = 1$ and $S(u) = u$, for which the mass $4\pi$ (or $8\pi$ in the radially symmetric case) distinguishes between boundedness and the possibility of blow-up. In this talk, based on a recent joint work with Xinru Cao, it is shown that this is no longer the case for one-dimensional domains: Solutions of the quasilinear system with $D(u) = (u+1)^{m-1}$ and $S(u) = u(u+1)^m$ for (many) $m \in \mathbb{R}$ emanating from initial data with arbitrary large mass are globally bounded. Accordingly, the absence of a critical mass phenomenon appears to be a general property of the one-dimensional setting and is not limited to the case $m=0$ already studied in the literature.

On a Thermodynamically Consistent Diffuse-Interface Model for Incompressible Two-Phase Flows with Chemotaxis and Mass Transport

Andrea Giorgini
Politecnico di Milano
Italy
Co-Author(s):    Jingning He, Hao Wu
Abstract:
We investigate a hydrodynamic system of Navier--Stokes/Cahn--Hilliard type, which describes the motion of a two-phase flow of two incompressible fluids with unmatched densities coupled with a soluble chemical species. Derived from Onsager`s variational principle, this thermodynamically consistent diffuse-interface model incorporates both the chemotaxis effects induced by the chemical species and the mass transport processes within the mixture. For the two-dimensional initial-boundary value problem, we establish the existence of global finite energy solutions and global weak solutions, using a suitable approximation scheme combined with compactness methods. Next, by carefully analyzing three decoupled subsystems and employing a bootstrap argument, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a global strong solution for sufficiently regular initial data, as well as the propagation of regularity for global weak solutions. In particular, we show that the density of the chemical substance stays bounded for all time if its initial datum is bounded. This implies a significant distinction from the classical Keller--Segel system: diffusion driven by the chemical potential gradient can prevent the formation of concentration singularities.

Global Existence and Asymptotic Behavior for a Swirl-Free 3D Axisymmetric Chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes System

Dongkwang Kim
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Korea
Co-Author(s):    Kyungkeun Kang, Jaewook Ahn
Abstract:
This talk concerns a three-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system modeling the directed motion of cells toward a consumable chemical substrate. Assuming axisymmetric initial data without swirl, we establish the global existence of unique classical solutions for general tensor-valued sensitivities. The proof relies on coupled a priori estimates to resolve the chemotactic interaction, exploiting the geometric properties of the axisymmetric no-swirl flow. Furthermore, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the global solutions, proving their stabilization to the trivial equilibrium at polynomial decay rates coinciding with those of the linear heat equation.

Recent progress on stability of stationary solutions to a chemotaxis system with flux-dependent sensitivity

Shohei Kohatsu
Tokyo University of Science
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Takasi Senba
Abstract:
We will consider a chemotaxis system with flux-dependent sensitivity, and discuss some properties of solutions. In particular, we present results on layer structure and stability of stationary solutions.

On positive steady states of an epidemic PDE model with singular chemotaxis sensitivity

Rachidi B Salako
University of Nevada Las Vegas
USA
Co-Author(s):    Y. Lou, Y. Tao, S. Zhou
Abstract:
We study the structure of positive steady states in a cross-diffusive susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic reaction-diffusion model, in which susceptible individuals tend to avoid regions with relatively high densities of infected individuals. Standard bifurcation methods are not applicable in this setting, as there is no evident disease-free equilibrium from which positive solutions can bifurcate. In addition, defining the basic reproduction number becomes significantly more difficult due to the presence of singular chemotaxis sensitivity in the model. To address these issues, we develop a new analytical framework. Using this approach, we establish results on the existence, uniqueness, and multiplicity of positive steady states. Furthermore, we characterize the asymptotic profiles of these steady states in the regime of large chemotaxis sensitivity coefficients.

Existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions to degenerate chemotaxis systems with prevention of overcrowding

Osuke Shibata
Tokyo University of Science
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Tomomi Yokota
Abstract:
We consider a no-flux initial-boundary value problem for the degenerate volume-filling chemotaxis system with diffusion and chemotactic sensitivity depending on cell densities and signal concentration. We first prove that there exists a global weak solution. Second, under some additional conditions, we show uniqueness of global weak solutions with the mass conservation law. Moreover, we construct a flat-hump-shaped stationary solution in the one-dimensional setting. These results extend the ones in Laurencot-Wrzosek (2005), where they studied a related problem with diffusion and chemotactic sensitivity depending only on cell densities.

Blow-up in a chemotaxis system with $p$-Laplacian diffusion

Yuya Tanaka
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Monica Marras
Abstract:
This talk deals with a parabolic--elliptic chemotaxis system with $p$-Laplacian diffusion. In previous related works, global existence and boundedness of solutions were established for the case $p>3N/(N+1)$. In this talk, we discuss finite-time blow-up of solutions in the opposite case. This is a joint work with Monica Marras (University of Cagliari).

Cross-diffusion system with doubly degenerate nonlinear diffusion and strong chemotactic effect

Bao-Ngoc Tran
University of Graz
Austria
Co-Author(s):    Juan Yang
Abstract:
Motivated by the study of bacteria`s response to environmental conditions, we consider the doubly degenerate nutrient taxis system governed by $ u_t = \nabla \cdot ( uv \nabla u) - \nabla\cdot (u^{\alpha} v\nabla v) + uv$ and $ v_t = \Delta v - u v$, where $\alpha \in [0,2]$ is the bacterial response parameter. Global weak solvability is highly challenging due to both the doubly degenerate diffusion and the strong chemotactic effect; we establish this for $0 \leq \alpha < 2$, see https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.03268.

Stability of constant steady states of solutions to a chemotaxis model

Hiroshi Wakui
University of Fukui
Japan
Co-Author(s):    
Abstract:
We consider the Cauchy problem for an attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system in $\mathbb{R}^n$ that admits a continuum of constant steady states. In the attractive case, positive constant steady states are stable under suitable conditions, whereas, in the repulsive case, all positive constant steady states are stable. We establish a sharp stability criterion for constant steady states in the general attraction-repulsion setting. We show that a constant steady state is asymptotically stable under sufficiently small perturbations whenever its amplitude is below an explicit threshold determined by the system parameters. This provides a refined classification of stability based on the balance between attractive and repulsive effects.

A sufficient condition for boundedness in direct (and indirect) chemotaxis-consumption models with signal-dependent sensitivity

Tomomi Yokota
Tokyo University of Science
Japan
Co-Author(s):    Khadijeh Baghaei, Yutaro Chiyo, Chihaya Machino
Abstract:
In this talk we consider a class of direct (and indirect) chemotaxis-consumption systems with signal-dependent sensitivity. In previous studies, boundedness of solutions to the system has been obtained under some restrictions on the dimension and the diffusion coefficient. The purpose of this talk is to remove these restrictions.