Special Session 122: Topological Data Analysis Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

New Method for Analyzing The Hole-Structure of a Crystal: Merge Tree for Periodic Data
Teresa Heiss-Synak
the Australian National University
Australia
Co-Author(s):    Herbert Edelsbrunner
Abstract:
Periodic data is abundant in materials science; for example, the atoms of a crystalline material repeat periodically. Additionally, periodic boundary conditions are used in many simulations, for example in molecular dynamics simulations of materials, to remove boundary effects. However, it is unclear how to deal with the periodicity of the data when computing topological descriptors, like the merge tree or persistent homology, which track connected components or holes at different length scales. A classical approach is to compute the respective descriptor simply on the torus. However, this does not give the information needed for many applications and is even unstable under certain types of noise. Therefore, we suggest decorating the merge tree gained from the torus with additional information, describing for each connected component on the torus how many components of the infinite periodic space map to it. As there are often infinitely many, we describe their density and growth rate inside a growing sphere. The resulting periodic merge tree and its induced periodic 0-th persistence barcode carry the desired information and satisfy the desired properties, in particular: stability and efficient computability (under mild assumptions, the running time is of order $(n + m)log(n)$, where $n$ and $m$ are the number of vertices and edges per fundamental domain).