| Abstract: |
| The free energies of gradient flow systems usually consist of various nonlinear potentials formulated in diverse complex formats which present a major challenge in the construction of efficient and accurate time discretization schemes. We overcome this challenge by developing a flexible and robust IEQ approach which enables us to develop time discretization schemes for a large class of gradient flow systems. More precisely, the developed schemes (i) are accurate (up to second order in time); (ii) are stable (unconditional energy dissipation law holds); and (iii) are efficient and easy to implement (only need to solve some positive definite linear system at each time step. |
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