| Abstract: |
| attery energy storage systems are increasingly used in volatile electricity markets where aggressive cycling can increase economic returns but also speed up degradation. One important source of capacity loss is the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase layer which affects long term performance. This work presents an optimal control framework that includes both market price uncertainty and a physics based model of this degradation process. The model is placed inside a stochastic optimization problem that selects charge and discharge actions while protecting battery health. Numerical tests show how market volatility, the growth of the interphase layer, and operational limits influence the resulting strategies. |
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