| Abstract: |
| Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with dysfunction in neurovascular coupling (NVC). To advance beyond current limited models, this study develops a mathematical model integrating neurons, astrocytes, and arterioles to investigate epileptic mechanisms. Neuronal dynamics are described by an extended Hodgkin Huxley model, while arteriole diameter changes are simulated via a filament sliding mechanism in smooth muscle. The model incorporates key ion channels (calcium activated potassium channel, inwardly rectifying potassium channel) and signaling molecules (oxygen, calcium, nitric oxide) to simulate neuro-hemodynamic responses. Results show six transitional neuronal firing patterns under external stimulation, with bifurcation analyses explaining low voltage fast oscillations, tonic spiking, and bursting. Simulations confirm that neuronal activation triggers astrocytic calcium waves, leading to vasodilator release and arteriole dilation. Additionally, asymptotic ionic concentration changes during ischemia, hypoxia, and astrocytic dysfunction are characterized. This multi-pathway NVC framework offers a more realistic and comprehensive perspective on epileptic pathology. |
|