We study the emergent dynamics for the time-delayed Kuramoto model with adaptive couplings. Sufficient frameworks for practical and complete phase synchronization are established in terms of initial configurations and system parameters. For a heterogeneous ensemble, we demonstrate that practical phase synchronization occurs under both Hebbian and anti-Hebbian adaptive couplings when the initial phase diameter is confined within $\frac{\pi}{2}.$ For a homogeneous ensemble with zero natural frequencies, complete phase synchronization is guaranteed unconditionally. Specifically, this synchronization is achieved for Hebbian coupling when the initial historical phase diameter-defined as the maximum phase disparity evaluated over the initial delay window-is below $\frac{\pi}{2},$ and for anti-Hebbian coupling when this historical diameter is bounded by $\pi.$ Furthermore, for a homogeneous ensemble with non-zero natural frequencies and uniform time delays, we prove that complete phase synchronization occurs exponentially under both adaptive rules when initial phases are confined in a quarter circle. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate our theoretical results.